虚樹 / virtual trees
(graph/virtual_trees.hpp)

View this file on GitHub
Last update: 2021-08-30 04:35:37+09:00
Include: #include "graph/virtual_trees.hpp"
Link: https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/613/D

Depends on

Code

#pragma once
#include <vector>
#include "../utils/macros.hpp"
#include "../graph/euler_tour_preorder.hpp"
#include "../graph/lowest_common_ancestor.hpp"

/**
 * @brief 虚樹 / virtual trees
 * @note O(\lvert X \rvert \log \lvert X \rvert)
 * @return the list of vertices in the virtual tree, and the adjacent list using indices on the returned list of vertices
 * @note verified at https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/613/D
 */
std::pair<std::vector<int>, std::vector<std::vector<int>>> construct_virtual_tree(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& g, int root, const lowest_common_ancestor& lca, const std::vector<int>& tour_left, std::vector<int> marked) {
    std::vector<int> vertices;
    std::vector<std::vector<int>> h;

    std::vector<int> stk;
    std::sort(ALL(marked), [&](int x, int y) -> bool {
        return tour_left[x] < tour_left[y];
    });
    for (int x : marked) {
        int index_x = vertices.size();
        vertices.push_back(x);
        h.emplace_back();
        if (not stk.empty()) {
            int z = lca(x, vertices[stk.back()]);

            // pop vectirces deeper than z
            std::vector<int> popped;
            while (not stk.empty() and lca.get_depth(z) < lca.get_depth(vertices[stk.back()])) {
                int index_y = stk.back();
                stk.pop_back();
                popped.push_back(index_y);
            }

            // add the LCA if required
            if (stk.empty() or vertices[stk.back()] != z) {
                int index_z = vertices.size();
                vertices.push_back(z);
                h.emplace_back();
                stk.push_back(index_z);
            }

            // add edges
            if (not popped.empty()) {
                int index_z = stk.back();
                int index_y = popped.back();
                h[index_z].push_back(index_y);
                h[index_y].push_back(index_z);
            }
            REP (i, (int)popped.size() - 1) {
                int index_y1 = popped[i];
                int index_y2 = popped[i + 1];
                h[index_y1].push_back(index_y2);
                h[index_y2].push_back(index_y1);
            }
        }
        stk.push_back(index_x);
    }
    REP (i, (int)stk.size() - 1) {
        int index_x = stk[i];
        int index_y = stk[i + 1];
        h[index_x].push_back(index_y);
        h[index_y].push_back(index_x);
    }

    return {vertices, h};
}

/**
 * @note O(N log N + \lvert X \rvert \log \lvert X \rvert)
 */
std::pair<std::vector<int>, std::vector<std::vector<int>>> construct_virtual_tree(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& g, int root, const std::vector<int>& marked) {
    lowest_common_ancestor lca(root, g);
    std::vector<int> tour, left, right;
    do_euler_tour_preorder(g, root, tour, left, right);
    return construct_virtual_tree(g, root, lca, left, marked);
}

#line 2 "graph/virtual_trees.hpp"
#include <vector>
#line 2 "utils/macros.hpp"
#define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0; (i) < (int)(n); ++ (i))
#define REP3(i, m, n) for (int i = (m); (i) < (int)(n); ++ (i))
#define REP_R(i, n) for (int i = (int)(n) - 1; (i) >= 0; -- (i))
#define REP3R(i, m, n) for (int i = (int)(n) - 1; (i) >= (int)(m); -- (i))
#define ALL(x) std::begin(x), std::end(x)
#line 2 "graph/euler_tour_preorder.hpp"
#include <functional>
#line 4 "graph/euler_tour_preorder.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Euler Tour (preorder)
 * @arg g must be a rooted tree, directed or undirected
 */
void do_euler_tour_preorder(std::vector<std::vector<int> > const & g, int root, std::vector<int> & tour, std::vector<int> & left, std::vector<int> & right) {
    int n = g.size();
    tour.clear();
    left.assign(n, -1);
    right.assign(n, -1);
    std::function<void (int, int)> go = [&](int x, int parent) {
        left[x] = tour.size();
        tour.push_back(x);
        for (int y : g[x]) if (y != parent) {
            go(y, x);
        }
        right[x] = tour.size();
    };
    go(root, -1);
}
#line 2 "graph/lowest_common_ancestor.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#line 5 "graph/lowest_common_ancestor.hpp"
#include <utility>
#line 5 "data_structure/sparse_table.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Sparse Table (idempotent monoid)
 * @note the unit is required just for convenience
 * @note $O(N \log N)$ space
 */
template <class IdempotentMonoid>
struct sparse_table {
    typedef typename IdempotentMonoid::value_type value_type;
    std::vector<std::vector<value_type> > table;
    IdempotentMonoid mon;
    sparse_table() = default;

    /**
     * @note $O(N \log N)$ time
     */
    template <class InputIterator>
    sparse_table(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const IdempotentMonoid & mon_ = IdempotentMonoid())
            : mon(mon_) {
        table.emplace_back(first, last);
        int n = table[0].size();
        int log_n = 32 - __builtin_clz(n);
        table.resize(log_n, std::vector<value_type>(n));
        REP (k, log_n - 1) {
            REP (i, n) {
                table[k + 1][i] = i + (1ll << k) < n ?
                    mon.mult(table[k][i], table[k][i + (1ll << k)]) :
                    table[k][i];
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @note $O(1)$
     */
    value_type range_get(int l, int r) const {
        if (l == r) return mon.unit();  // if there is no unit, remove this line
        assert (0 <= l and l < r and r <= (int)table[0].size());
        int k = 31 - __builtin_clz(r - l);  // log2
        return mon.mult(table[k][l], table[k][r - (1ll << k)]);
    }
};
#line 3 "monoids/min_index.hpp"
#include <climits>
#include <limits>
#line 6 "monoids/min_index.hpp"

/**
 * @note a semilattice
 */
template <class T>
struct min_index_monoid {
    typedef std::pair<T, int> value_type;
    value_type unit() const { return std::make_pair(std::numeric_limits<T>::max(), INT_MAX); }
    value_type mult(value_type a, value_type b) const { return std::min(a, b); }
};
#line 9 "graph/lowest_common_ancestor.hpp"

/**
 * @brief lowest common ancestor / 最小共通祖先 (前処理 $O(N)$ + $O(1)$, $\pm 1$ RMQ and sparse table)
 * @see https://www.slideshare.net/yumainoue965/lca-and-rmq
 * @note verified http://www.utpc.jp/2011/problems/travel.html
 */
struct lowest_common_ancestor {
    sparse_table<min_index_monoid<int> > table;
    std::vector<int> index;
    lowest_common_ancestor() = default;
    /**
     * @note $O(N)$
     * @param g is an adjacent list of a tree
     * @note you can easily modify this to accept forests
     */
    lowest_common_ancestor(int root, std::vector<std::vector<int> > const & g) {
        std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > tour;
        index.assign(g.size(), -1);
        dfs(root, -1, 0, g, tour);
        table = sparse_table<min_index_monoid<int> >(ALL(tour));
    }
private:
    /**
     * @note sometimes causes stack overflow without ulimit -s unlimited
     */
    void dfs(int x, int parent, int depth, std::vector<std::vector<int> > const & g, std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > & tour) {
        index[x] = tour.size();
        tour.emplace_back(depth, x);
        for (int y : g[x]) if (y != parent) {
            dfs(y, x, depth + 1, g, tour);
            tour.emplace_back(depth, x);
        }
    }
public:
    /**
     * @note $O(1)$
     */
    int operator () (int x, int y) const {
        assert (0 <= x and x < index.size());
        assert (0 <= y and y < index.size());
        x = index[x];
        y = index[y];
        if (x > y) std::swap(x, y);
        return table.range_get(x, y + 1).second;
    }
    int get_depth(int x) const {
        assert (0 <= x and x < index.size());
        return table.range_get(index[x], index[x] + 1).first;
    }
    int get_dist(int x, int y) const {
        assert (0 <= x and x < index.size());
        assert (0 <= y and y < index.size());
        int z = (*this)(x, y);
        return get_depth(x) + get_depth(y) - 2 * get_depth(z);
    }
};
#line 6 "graph/virtual_trees.hpp"

/**
 * @brief 虚樹 / virtual trees
 * @note O(\lvert X \rvert \log \lvert X \rvert)
 * @return the list of vertices in the virtual tree, and the adjacent list using indices on the returned list of vertices
 * @note verified at https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/613/D
 */
std::pair<std::vector<int>, std::vector<std::vector<int>>> construct_virtual_tree(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& g, int root, const lowest_common_ancestor& lca, const std::vector<int>& tour_left, std::vector<int> marked) {
    std::vector<int> vertices;
    std::vector<std::vector<int>> h;

    std::vector<int> stk;
    std::sort(ALL(marked), [&](int x, int y) -> bool {
        return tour_left[x] < tour_left[y];
    });
    for (int x : marked) {
        int index_x = vertices.size();
        vertices.push_back(x);
        h.emplace_back();
        if (not stk.empty()) {
            int z = lca(x, vertices[stk.back()]);

            // pop vectirces deeper than z
            std::vector<int> popped;
            while (not stk.empty() and lca.get_depth(z) < lca.get_depth(vertices[stk.back()])) {
                int index_y = stk.back();
                stk.pop_back();
                popped.push_back(index_y);
            }

            // add the LCA if required
            if (stk.empty() or vertices[stk.back()] != z) {
                int index_z = vertices.size();
                vertices.push_back(z);
                h.emplace_back();
                stk.push_back(index_z);
            }

            // add edges
            if (not popped.empty()) {
                int index_z = stk.back();
                int index_y = popped.back();
                h[index_z].push_back(index_y);
                h[index_y].push_back(index_z);
            }
            REP (i, (int)popped.size() - 1) {
                int index_y1 = popped[i];
                int index_y2 = popped[i + 1];
                h[index_y1].push_back(index_y2);
                h[index_y2].push_back(index_y1);
            }
        }
        stk.push_back(index_x);
    }
    REP (i, (int)stk.size() - 1) {
        int index_x = stk[i];
        int index_y = stk[i + 1];
        h[index_x].push_back(index_y);
        h[index_y].push_back(index_x);
    }

    return {vertices, h};
}

/**
 * @note O(N log N + \lvert X \rvert \log \lvert X \rvert)
 */
std::pair<std::vector<int>, std::vector<std::vector<int>>> construct_virtual_tree(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& g, int root, const std::vector<int>& marked) {
    lowest_common_ancestor lca(root, g);
    std::vector<int> tour, left, right;
    do_euler_tour_preorder(g, root, tour, left, right);
    return construct_virtual_tree(g, root, lca, left, marked);
}

虚樹 / virtual trees (graph/virtual_trees.hpp)

Depends on

Code

虚樹 / virtual trees
(graph/virtual_trees.hpp)