AtCoder Regular Contest 039: D - 旅行会社高橋君
solution
二重辺連結成分分解。最小共通祖先。$O(N \log N + M)$。
与えられたグラフが$2$-辺連結なら全ての答えはOK
。
そうでないとき、つまり橋が存在するときが問題。
そこで二重辺連結成分分解をする。
クエリ$(A, B, C)$への答えは、分解された成分による$C$上におけるpath $A - C$上に$B$が存在するときちょうどOK
となる。
頂点$x \vee y = \mathrm{lca}(x, y)$を頂点$x, y$の最小共通祖先とすると、これは半束をなす。 通常の半順序を入れる、つまり$x \le y \iff x \vee y = y$とする。 このときpath $x - z$ 上に頂点$y$が存在するとは、
- $x \le z$のとき
- $x \le y \land y \le z$
- $z \le x$のとき
- $z \le y \land y \le x$
- それ以外のとき
- $(x \le y \lor z \le y) \land y \le x \vee z$
implementation
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <functional>
#include <stack>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#define repeat(i, n) for (int i = 0; (i) < int(n); ++(i))
#define repeat_reverse(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; (i) >= 0; --(i))
#define whole(f, x, ...) ([&](decltype((x)) whole) { return (f)(begin(whole), end(whole), ## __VA_ARGS__); })(x)
using namespace std;
/**
* @brief 2-edge-connected components decomposition
* @param g an adjacent list of the simple undirected graph
* @note O(V + E)
*/
pair<int, vector<int> > decompose_to_two_edge_connected_components(vector<vector<int> > const & g) {
int n = g.size();
vector<int> imos(n); { // imos[i] == 0 iff the edge i -> parent is a bridge
vector<char> used(n);
function<void (int, int)> go = [&](int i, int parent) {
used[i] = 1;
for (int j : g[i]) if (j != parent) {
if (used[j] == 0) {
go(j, i);
imos[i] += imos[j];
} else if (used[j] == 1) {
imos[i] += 1;
imos[j] -= 1;
}
}
used[i] = 2;
};
repeat (i, n) if (used[i] == 0) {
go(i, -1);
}
}
int size = 0;
vector<int> component_of(n, -1); {
function<void (int)> go = [&](int i) {
for (int j : g[i]) if (component_of[j] == -1) {
component_of[j] = imos[j] == 0 ? size ++ : component_of[i];
go(j);
}
};
repeat (i, n) if (component_of[i] == -1) {
component_of[i] = size ++;
go(i);
}
}
return { size, move(component_of) };
}
vector<vector<int> > decomposed_graph(int size, vector<int> const & component_of, vector<vector<int> > const & g) {
int n = g.size();
vector<vector<int> > h(size);
repeat (i, n) for (int j : g[i]) {
if (component_of[i] != component_of[j]) {
h[component_of[i]].push_back(component_of[j]);
}
}
repeat (k, size) {
whole(sort, h[k]);
h[k].erase(whole(unique, h[k]), h[k].end());
}
return h;
}
/**
* @brief lowest common ancestor with doubling
*/
struct lowest_common_ancestor {
vector<vector<int> > a;
vector<int> depth;
lowest_common_ancestor() = default;
/**
* @note O(N \log N)
* @param g an adjacent list of the tree
*/
lowest_common_ancestor(int root, vector<vector<int> > const & g) {
int n = g.size();
int log_n = max<int>(1, ceil(log2(n)));
a.resize(log_n, vector<int>(n, -1));
depth.resize(n, -1);
{
auto & parent = a[0];
stack<int> stk;
depth[root] = 0;
parent[root] = -1;
stk.push(root);
while (not stk.empty()) {
int x = stk.top(); stk.pop();
for (int y : g[x]) if (depth[y] == -1) {
depth[y] = depth[x] + 1;
parent[y] = x;
stk.push(y);
}
}
}
repeat (k, log_n-1) {
repeat (i, n) {
if (a[k][i] != -1) {
a[k+1][i] = a[k][a[k][i]];
}
}
}
}
/**
* @brief find the LCA of x and y
* @note O(log N)
*/
int operator () (int x, int y) const {
int log_n = a.size();
if (depth[x] < depth[y]) swap(x,y);
repeat_reverse (k, log_n) {
if (a[k][x] != -1 and depth[a[k][x]] >= depth[y]) {
x = a[k][x];
}
}
assert (depth[x] == depth[y]);
assert (x != -1);
if (x == y) return x;
repeat_reverse (k, log_n) {
if (a[k][x] != a[k][y]) {
x = a[k][x];
y = a[k][y];
}
}
assert (x != y);
assert (a[0][x] == a[0][y]);
return a[0][x];
}
/**
* @brief find the descendant of x for y
*/
int descendant (int x, int y) const {
assert (depth[x] < depth[y]);
int log_n = a.size();
repeat_reverse (k, log_n) {
if (a[k][y] != -1 and depth[a[k][y]] >= depth[x]+1) {
y = a[k][y];
}
}
assert (a[0][y] == x);
return y;
}
};
int main() {
int n, m; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
vector<vector<int> > g(n); // connected
repeat (i, m) {
int x, y; scanf("%d%d", &x, &y); -- x; -- y;
g[x].push_back(y);
g[y].push_back(x);
}
int size; vector<int> component_of; tie(size, component_of) = decompose_to_two_edge_connected_components(g);
vector<vector<int> > h = decomposed_graph(size, component_of, g); // tree
lowest_common_ancestor lca(0, h);
int query; scanf("%d", &query);
while (query --) {
int a, b, c; scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c); -- a; -- b; -- c;
int x = component_of[a];
int y = component_of[b];
int z = component_of[c];
bool result;
if (lca(x, z) == z) {
result = lca(x, y) == y and lca(y, z) == z;
} else if (lca(x, z) == x) {
result = lca(z, y) == y and lca(y, x) == x;
} else {
result = (lca(x, y) == y and lca(z, y) == lca(x, z))
or (lca(x, y) == lca(x, z) and lca(z, y) == y);
}
printf("%s\n", result ? "OK" : "NG");
}
return 0;
}